Unearthing the Past: A Guide to Cleaning and Preserving Found Artifacts for Metal Detectorists
Cleaning and Preserving Found Artifacts: A Guide for Metal Detectorists
Introduction:
Metal detecting is an exciting hobby that allows enthusiasts to explore the past by uncovering hidden artifacts. These relics provide valuable insights into our history, but they often require cleaning and preservation to maintain their integrity and protect them from deterioration. In this guide, we will discuss the importance of cleaning and preserving found artifacts, along with some best practices and techniques for ensuring their longevity.
The Importance of Cleaning:
When artifacts are buried underground for extended periods, they accumulate dirt, rust, or other contaminants that can obscure their original appearance. Cleaning these objects not only enhances their aesthetics but also reveals important details that may be crucial in identifying the artifact’s historical significance.
However, it is important to note that improper cleaning techniques can cause irreversible damage or even destroy delicate artifacts. Therefore, understanding the appropriate methods and materials is essential before embarking on any cleaning process.
General Guidelines for Cleaning Artifacts:
1. Document Before Cleaning: Before starting any cleaning procedure, thoroughly document the artifact’s condition through detailed photographs from various angles. This documentation will serve as a reference point if anything goes wrong during the cleaning process.
2. Safety First: Always prioritize your safety when handling potentially fragile or corroded artifacts. Wear protective gloves to prevent contamination from skin oils or chemicals used during cleaning.
3. Gentle Handling: Handle each artifact with care to avoid unnecessary stress on fragile areas such as handles or joints. Avoid excessive scrubbing or harsh contact with abrasive tools; instead, opt for more gentle techniques discussed below.
4. Test Cleanliness Techniques: Before applying any method on a cleaned object entirely, test it on a small inconspicuous area first to ensure its compatibility with the artifact’s material.
Cleaning Techniques:
There are several effective methods for removing dirt and debris from found artifacts without causing harm:
1. Dry Brushing: Start by using a soft-bristled brush (such as a paintbrush or toothbrush) to gently remove loose dirt and debris. This technique is particularly useful for delicate artifacts that can’t withstand the use of water or chemicals.
2. Water Soaking: If dry brushing isn’t sufficient, soaking the artifact in clean water can help loosen dirt and grime. However, be cautious with this method, ensuring that the artifact is not submerged for prolonged periods, as excessive moisture can lead to damage or corrosion.
3. Non-abrasive Cleaning Agents: For stubborn stains or persistent dirt, mild cleaning agents such as dish soap diluted in water may be used. Apply the solution sparingly on a soft cloth or brush and gently work it into affected areas without scrubbing vigorously.
4. Electrolysis: Electrolysis is an advanced cleaning technique suitable for heavily corroded metal artifacts like coins or tools. It involves creating an electrolyte bath using sodium carbonate (washing soda) mixed with distilled water and applying low-voltage direct current through the object to remove rust and other contaminants slowly.
Preservation Techniques:
Cleaning alone is not enough; preserving found artifacts requires additional steps to safeguard them from future deterioration:
1. Conservators’ Advice: Seek advice from professional conservators if you have valuable or historically significant artifacts that require specialized knowledge for preservation. They can guide you through specific techniques tailored to your artifact’s material composition.
2. Coating and Sealing: Applying a protective coating on metal objects using wax, microcrystalline products, or Renaissance Wax helps prevent further corrosion by forming a barrier against moisture and oxidation.
3. Proper Storage Conditions: Storing cleaned artifacts in controlled environments reduces exposure to fluctuating temperatures, humidity levels, light, and pollutants that could accelerate deterioration over time. Use acid-free archival storage materials whenever possible.
4. Ongoing Monitoring: Regularly inspect stored artifacts for signs of deterioration such as new rust formation or discoloration so that appropriate conservation measures can be taken promptly.
Conclusion:
Cleaning and preserving found artifacts are crucial steps in maintaining the historical integrity of these treasures. With proper care, metal detectorists can ensure that these objects remain accessible for future generations to appreciate and study. Remember, always prioritize caution, research, and professional advice when dealing with valuable or delicate artifacts. Happy hunting!